What do gouge sweep numbers mean?

Gouge sweeps are numbered from #1 (flat chisel) to #11 (deep U-gouge). Lower numbers have flatter curves, higher numbers have deeper curves. #3 is almost flat, #5 is shallow, #7 is medium, #9 is deep, and #11 is nearly semicircular. The Sheffield numbering system is standard in the UK.

What gouges should a beginner buy?

A good starter set includes: a #5 sweep 14mm gouge (general purpose), a #7 sweep 10mm gouge (medium curves), a #3 sweep 20mm gouge (nearly flat for smoothing), a 60-degree V-tool for outlining, and a flat chisel 12-16mm. Start with these five and add as needed.

How do I choose between gouge widths?

Match the gouge width to the detail size. For fine details (5mm), use 3-6mm gouges. For medium work (10-20mm), use 8-14mm gouges. For roughing and large areas, use 16-25mm gouges. Having a range of widths in the same sweep is more useful than many different sweeps.

What is a V-tool used for in carving?

The V-tool (or parting tool) is essential for outlining designs, incising lettering, creating fine lines, and separating areas of a relief carving. A 60-degree V-tool is the most versatile. Use a 45-degree for chip carving and 90-degree for deep decorative lines.

WoodCalcs

Carving Gouge Calculator — Select the Right Gouge

Select the right gouge sweep and width for your carving project.

Project Type

Smallest Detail Size

Width of the smallest carved detail

Maximum Carving Depth

How We Calculate This

This calculator recommends gouge sweep and width based on your project type and the scale of the details being carved.

Sweep selection

The sweep is chosen based on the ratio of detail width to carving depth:

Ratio > 5: Flat sweep (#3) | 3-5: Shallow (#5) | 1.5-3: Medium (#7) | < 1.5: Deep (#9)

Width selection

Gouge width is matched to the detail size. Use a gouge narrower than or equal to the smallest detail. Wider gouges are used for roughing and background removal.

Frequently Asked Questions

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Last updated: February 2026

All calculations are estimates. Always verify measurements and material quantities before cutting or purchasing.